Mars and beyond
How long to Mars?
The spacecraft departs Earth at a speed of about 24,600 mph (about 39,600 kph). The trip to Mars will take about seven months and about 300 million miles (480 million kilometers).
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/timeline/overview/
https://www.bbcearth.com/news/will-we-ever-set-foot-on-mars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_mission_to_Mars
photos of Mars
https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/multimedia/raw-images/
The Martian atmosphere is about 95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen, 1.6% argon, and has traces of oxygen, carbon monoxide, water, methane, and other gases, along with a lot of dust.
Earth's atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1.0% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. It also averages about 1% water vapor.
https://marsed.asu.edu/mep/wind
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/life-on-mars-78138144/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Filter
The Great Filter is one possible resolution of the Fermi paradox. It posits that in the development of life from the earliest stages of abiogenesis to reaching the highest levels of development on the Kardashev scale, there exists some particular barrier to development that makes detectable extraterrestrial life exceedingly rare.[1][2][3]
The concept originates in Robin Hanson's argument here
https://web.archive.org/web/20100507074729/http://hanson.gmu.edu/greatfilter.html
See also
Black swan theory – Theory of response to surprise events
Doomsday argument – Doomsday scenario on human births
Drake equation – Probabilistic argument to estimate the number of alien civilizations in the galaxy
Anthropic principle – Philosophical principle about the occurrence of sapient life in the Universe
Global catastrophic risk – Potentially harmful worldwide events
Goldilocks principle – Analogy for optimal conditions
Inverse gambler's fallacy – Formal fallacy of Bayesian inference
Kardashev scale – Measure of the evolution of a civilization according to its energy consumption
Neocatastrophism – Hypothesis for lack of detected aliens
Principle of mediocrity – Philosophical concept
Rare Earth hypothesis – Hypothesis that complex extraterrestrial life is improbable and extremely rare
Selection bias – Bias in a statistical analysis due to non-random selection
also
Artificial gravity – Use of circular rotational force to mimic gravity
Health threat from cosmic rays – Dangers posed to astronauts
Human spaceflight – Spaceflight with a crew or passengers
Interplanetary spaceflight – Crewed or uncrewed travel between stars or planets
Life on Mars – Scientific assessments on the microbial habitability of Mars
Mars analog habitat – Research simulating the environment on Mars
Mars Design Reference Mission – Conceptual design studies for crewed missions to Mars
Martian – Depictions of Mars in fictional stories
Nuclear thermal rocket – Rocket engine that uses a nuclear reactor to generate thrust
Space medicine – For health conditions encountered during spaceflight
Space weather – Branch of space physics and aeronomy